ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ
2020-09-09 (last modified 2020-10-06)
ᠪᠢ 50 ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ
ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ
ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠭᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠣᠭᠰᠣᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠰᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠵᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣᠷ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠠᠻᠠᠯᠠᠸᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠫᠯᠣᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠦᠺᠲ᠋ᠦᠷᠠᠯᠢᠰᠲ (ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠮᠡᠯᠴᠢ) ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠣ᠋ (Hattori Shirō) ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠬᠡᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠮᠣᠲᠣ᠋ ᠰᠢᠨᠺᠢᠴᠢ (Hashimoto Shinkichi) ᠵᠢᠨ 1930 ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠮᠣᠲᠣ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠪᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠲᠦᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠥᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠪᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ
᠋ ᠪᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲ᠋ᠣᠻᠢᠣ᠋᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠳᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠳᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠢᠰᠢ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃
᠋ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ᠂ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ᠂ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠡᠭᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠭᠣᠶᠣ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃
᠋ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠨᠱᠢᠭᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠲᠠᠯᠢᠢᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠪ ᠬᠤᠣᠺ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠶᠫᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠨᠢ 豪ホーク首相 Gō Hōku shushō (ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠤᠺ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ the Prime Minister of Australia the Hon. Robert James Lee Hawke ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ 《ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠷᠣᠪᠧᠷᠲ ᠵᠡᠢᠮᠡᠰ ᠯᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠺ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
᠋ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠩᠭ᠋ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠪᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠠᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
᠋ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠠ᠃
᠋ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠣᠨᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠠᠳᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠠᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
᠋ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ 通商産業省 tsūshō sangyō-shō (ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ 通産省 tsūsan-shō) ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ Ministry of International Trade and Industry (ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤ᠂ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ MITI) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠠᠨ Department of Trade and Industry (ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ) ᠰᠢᠭ᠌ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠨᠠ᠃
᠋(2001 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ MITI ᠵᠢ 経済産業省 keizai sangyō-shō᠂ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ 経産省 keisan-shō᠂ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry — 《ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤ》 (METI) ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃)
᠋ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠠᠷ 《ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ》 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ 一般炭 ippan-tan᠂ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯ 《ᠵᠢᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ》ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ steaming coal (ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ) ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠡ thermal coal (ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃
᠋ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠷᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ 《ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ》ᠵᠢ 一般炭 ippan-tan (ᠵᠢᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ) ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ 动力煤 dònglì-méi (ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ) ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠡ 电煤 diàn-méi (ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ) ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ᠄ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ᠄ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠵᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠨᠳᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
᠋ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠦᠷᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ coking coal (ᠬᠡᠦᠷᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ) ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ metallurgical coal (ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ)᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ 原料炭 genryō-tan (ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ)᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ 炼焦煤 / 焦煤 liánjiāo-méi / jiāo-méi (ᠬᠡᠦᠷᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ / ᠬᠡᠦᠷᠰᠦ) ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ 冶金煤 уějīn-méi (ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ) ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
᠋ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠤᠶᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠱᠢᠮᠣᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠱᠢᠨᠺᠢᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃
᠋ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠄
ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠤᠷᠣᠭᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠢ ᠳᠠᠩᠳᠠ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄
ᠲᠡᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠴᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ 《ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ᠂ ᠵᠦᠷᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ》 ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠷᠬᠡᠦ ᠮᠠᠶᠠᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠰ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃
ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ 《ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ (ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠢᠰ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ)》᠂ 《ᠰᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ》᠂ 《ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ》᠂ 《ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ》ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠦᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠦᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠥᠨᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠱᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃
1980 ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ᠂ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ 合理化 gōri-ka (ᠣᠨᠤᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠲᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠡᠷᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠂ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠴᠣᠮᠬᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ 合理化 gōri-ka ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ 合理化 gōri-ka ᠵᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃
ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ rationalise (ᠣᠨᠤᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ) ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠦᠰᠲᠷᠠᠯᠢᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ rationalise ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠦ 《ᠣᠨᠤᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ》 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠤᠰᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠲᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ streamlining (ᠱᠤᠪᠲᠤᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ) ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠱᠤᠪᠲᠤᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ 《ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠬᠤ》ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠳᠬᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠣᠶᠣ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ streamlining ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠢ ᠠᠦᠰᠲᠷᠠᠯᠢᠠ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠠᠷ rationalise (ᠣᠨᠤᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ) ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ᠃
ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠤᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠣ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠪᠡᠷ 産業空洞化 sangyō kūdōka (ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ) ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ kūdōka ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠵᠦᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠳᠦᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ deindustrialisation (ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ) ᠶᠤᠮ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ kūdōka ᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ hollowing out (ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ) ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ 《ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ》 ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠳᠡᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ Chris Holmes ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨᠢᠶᠡᠳᠦᠮᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠠᠷᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ も mo (ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ 〈ᠴᠤ〉 ᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ) ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ mo ᠵᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ also᠂ even ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ Chris Holmes ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ mo ᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠮ᠂ mo ᠴᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ ᠰᠢᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠷᠳᠠᠯ
ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ (ᠼᠠᠨᠵᠠᠨ) ᠨᠠᠮᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠲᠡᠢᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠣᠶᠣ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠮᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ path of industrial harmony ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠶᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ industrial relations ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ 《ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ》ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠳᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ 《ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ》᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠣᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ path of industrial harmony - ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠪ ᠬᠣᠣᠺ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠢᠪ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠪᠤᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠮᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠠ᠃
ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ path of industrial harmony ᠶᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠷᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ industrial relations ᠢ 労使関係 rōshi-kankei᠂ ᠶᠠᠭ 《ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ management-labour relations (ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠠ᠃ ᠮᠢᠨᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠥᠮᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠠ ᠯᠠ ᠳᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ Policy of peaceful labour-management relations (ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠪᠤᠩᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ) ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠯᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠮᠡᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ Path of industrial harmony ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠯᠠ ᠳᠠ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠭᠣᠶᠣ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃
ᠰᠢᠨᠲᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠳᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠣᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠥᠰᠦ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ 《ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠢᠨᠦ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ》 ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃
《ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠣ᠋ᠣ?》
《ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ᠃ ᠴᠢᠨᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠣᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠡᠳ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠦ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃
ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ
ᠪᠢ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠣᠺᠢᠣ᠋ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠ᠍ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠮᠥᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠢ ᠲ᠋ᠧᠯᠧᠸᠢᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠨᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠶᠠᠲᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠶᠠᠲᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠢ ᠱᠠᠯ ᠣᠨᠳᠤᠤ᠃ ᠪᠢ ᠬᠡᠴᠢᠨᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
《ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ》ᠵᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ
ᠪᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ 《ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ》 ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠣᠺᠢᠣ᠌ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠧᠨᠧᠵᠧᠷ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠢ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠷ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ ᠤᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ
ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩᠲᠦ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠤ ᠵᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢ ᠣᠯᠣᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ᠂ ᠬᠠᠢᠨᠠᠨ᠂ ᠣᠣᠮᠧᠨ (ᠮᠠᠺᠠᠣ᠋) ᠱᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠢᠷᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨᠰᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠠᠺᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ-ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ-ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ-ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ-ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ-ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ. ᠠᠵᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠢ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠵᠣᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠢ ᠵᠠᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠣᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠵᠣᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠥᠷᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠶ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠃
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠴᠢᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ-ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠴᠢ entrenched attitudes ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ 'ᠪᠤᠭᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ' ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠳᠬᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠣᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠢᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ prejudice (ᠡᠴᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯ᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ) ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠴᠢ prejudice ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠰᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠢ entrenched attitudes (ᠪᠤᠭᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭ 先入観 sennyūkan (ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠠᠳᠬᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠪᠠᠯ᠂ 先入観 sennyūkan ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ᠃ Google Translate ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠᠯ entrenched attitudes (ᠪᠤᠭᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ) ᠵᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ 定着した態度 teichaku shita taido (ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠵᠦᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠴᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠪᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠂ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠰᠢᠮᠲᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠴᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ᠂ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ "ᠪᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠦ" ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ᠃ ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ
ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ (ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠪᠢ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠨᠢ Google Translate ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠪᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠯᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃
ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠣᠶᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ᠄
1. ᠪᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠣᠶᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠶᠤᠲᠠᠨ wet weather (ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ) ᠢ 'ᠴᠢᠭᠢᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ' ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠡᠳ ᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃
2. ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢ 'ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠢᠳᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠺᠦᠢᠨᠰᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ' ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠡᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠠᠷ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ᠂ ᠴᠡᠭᠴᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ᠃
ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠥᠭᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠦᠢᠲᠦᠯ
ᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠢᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠮᠦᠷᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠯ ᠵᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠠᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠳᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠩ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠪᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠵᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠳᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠰᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠠᠳᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠦᠩᠨᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠪᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ᠂ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠣᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠠᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠦᠵᠢᠨᠡ ᠨᠤᠬᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠢ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠢᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠦᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ᠂ ᠢᠨᠢᠶᠡᠳᠦᠮᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠵᠠᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ
ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠮᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠰᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ ᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠶᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ 'ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ' ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
1. ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠲᠤᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠡᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ 'ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ'᠂ 'ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ' ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠣᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ;
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠢᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠢᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ
ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ;
ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ᠃ (ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ);
ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢᠴᠤᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ;
ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠴᠢᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ;
ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ;
ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠴᠢᠨᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ;
ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠣᠱᠤᠩ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠱᠤᠩ ᠱᠣᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ;
ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ. ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢ᠋ᠮᠠ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠯᠧᠺᠰᠠᠨᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠫᠣᠤᠫ (Alexander Pope) ᠬᠣᠮᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠢᠰᠢᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠠᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ "ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ" ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃
ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ
《ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠩᠲᠠᠢᠵᠢ》 ᠰᠢᠭ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠦᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠦᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡж ᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ
ᠻᠢᠨᠣ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠷᠪᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠃ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃
ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠰᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠭ. ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠵᠠ᠂ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠡ ...
2. ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠫᠷᠣᠭ᠍ᠷᠠᠮ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠂ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠠᠰ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃
ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ? ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ
ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃
ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ
ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠮᠢᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠢ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢᠯ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ "ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ" ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠯᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠵᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠡᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ᠃
3. ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠥᠩ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠵᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠥᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ も mo ᠵᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ᠃ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠮᠠ ᠤᠶᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃
ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠮᠢᠴᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢлж᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠳᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠮᠢᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
(ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃)
4. ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠩᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ "ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ" ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠡ ᠨᠢ᠂ economic ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠧᠦᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ économique (ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ)᠂ ökonomisch᠂ wirtschaftlich (ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ)᠂ económico (ᠢᠰᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ)᠂ экономический (ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ) ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠴᠤ 経済(的) keizai(-teki) (ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ)᠂ 經濟 / 经济 jīngjì (ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ)᠂ 간결한 gangyeolhan (ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ) ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ "ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ" (ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ)᠂ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ (ᠡᠪᠦᠷᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ 150 ᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠧᠦᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ "ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ" ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ (modernisation) ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠥᠷᠦᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ (Westernisation) ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠳᠦᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠴᠣᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠥᠨᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ "ᠰᠸᠠᠾᠢᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ 《ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ》 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ?"᠂ "ᠰᠸᠠᠾᠢᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ 《ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ》 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠳᠦᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ?" ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠᠵᠢᠭᠶᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠢᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ "ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ" ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠢᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠦᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠻᠣᠮᠫᠢᠶᠦᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠦᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ
ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠦᠭᠡ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠨᠣ᠊.ᠴᠣᠮᠰᠺᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠢᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠣᠪᠶᠧᠻᠲ᠋ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠨ᠊.ᠴᠣᠮᠰᠺᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ "ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠰᠣᠨᠤᠰᠤᠭᠴᠢ" ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ᠂ "ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ" ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ "ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ" ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠥᠪ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃