Chapter 15: Aragog

Simplified Chinese (Mandarin: China)
阿拉戈克 Ālāgēkè	阿拉戈克 Ālāgēkè = 'Aragog'.	Aragog
Traditional Chinese (Mandarin: Taiwan)
阿辣哥 Ālà-gē	阿辣哥 Ālà-gē = 'Ah + spicy + big brother' = 'Aragog'.	Aragog
Japanese
アラゴグ Aragogu	アラゴグ Aragogu = 'Aragog'.	Aragog
Korean
아라고그 Alagogeu	아라고그 Aragogu = 'Aragog'.	Aragog
Vietnamese (Chinese characters show etymology)
Aragog	Aragog (pronunciation in footnote: A-ra-gốc).	Aragog
Mongolian (previous)
Арагог аалз Aragog aalz	Арагог Aragog = 'Aragog'. аалз aalz = 'spider'.	Aragog the Spider
Mongolian (new)
Арагог Aragog	Арагог Aragog = 'Aragog'.	Aragog

Aragog is a gigantic spider living in the Forbidden Forest.

How is 'Aragog' transliterated?

All translations but the Vietnamese are transliterations; that is, they attempt to convey the sound of the name 'Aragog'.

The Mainland Chinese version is 阿拉戈克 Ālāgēkè. Interestingly, the translator represents the final 'g' in Aragog as 克 kè. Of course 格 gè would have been possible (阿拉戈格 Ālāgēgè) but may have been rejected as sounding strange.
The Chinese translation from Taiwan is also phonetic (阿辣哥 Ālà-gē), but manages to convey some meaning through the choice of characters. 阿 a- is commonly used in nicknames in southern China, including Taiwan. 辣哥 là-gē literally means 'spicy/hot big-brother'. This suggests something of the nature of Aragog, an old spider who is somewhat harsh.
The Japanese version uses the standard katakana transliteration アラゴグ Aragogu. This is four syllables (morae) in Japanese. Since it is not possible to end a word in plain 'g', the final letter becomes グ gu.
The Korean translation also uses the standard hangul transliteration 아라고그 Alagogeu. Since words cannot end in plain 'g', this is transliterated as 그 geu, with an indistinct vowel.
The Vietnamese version uses the English unchanged as Aragog. The original instalment carried a footnote that this was to be pronounced A-ra-gốc.
The Mongolian translations use a Cyrillic transcription of the English as Арагог Aragog. The previous Mongolian version adds аалз aalz 'spider', yielding Арагог аалз Aragog aalz 'Aragog the spider'.