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Chapter 16: A Very Frosty Christmas

Simplified Chinese (Mandarin: China)
冰霜圣诞节
Bīngshuāng Shèngdànjié
冰霜 bīngshuāng = 'austere, frosty and stern'.
圣诞节 Shèngdànjié = 'holy birth festival' = 'Christmas'.
Austere Christmas
Traditional Chinese (Mandarin: Taiwan)
嚴寒的聖誕節
Yánhán de Shèngdànjié
嚴寒 yánhán = 'bitterly cold'.
de = connecting particle
聖誕節 Shèngdànjié = 'holy birth festival' = 'Christmas'.
Bitterly cold Christmas
Japanese
冷え冷えとしたクリスマス
Hie-bie to shita Kurisumasu
冷え冷えとした hie-bie to shita = 'very cold, frosty'. (Past tense of 冷え冷えとしている hie-bie to shite iru, 'to be very cold'. The function of past tense is to act as an attributive form before the noun 'Christmas', not to indicate past time.)
クリスマス Kurisumasu = 'Christmas'.
Very cold Christmas
Vietnamese (Chinese characters show etymology)
Một mùa Giáng sinh giá buốt một = 'a'.
mùa = 'season'.
Giáng sinh (降生) = 'Christmas'.
giá buốt = 'cold, hard frost'.
A frosty Christmas season

'Frostiness' literally refers to cold weather — a cold Christmas with frost on the ground — but is also used for coldness in relations between people, groups, or countries. In this case, the frostiness refers to the cold encounter between Percy and his family, and also to Harry's very cool talk with Scrimgeour.

冰霜 bīngshuāng in Chinese literally means 'snow frost'; in actuality it means 'stern and austere'.

(Detailed notes on the chapter can be found at Harry Potter Lexicon)

Chapter 15
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